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Women's Health Initiative
About the Trial
The Women's Health Initiative randomized 16,608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus to conjugated estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate or placebo, expecting to confirm the cardiovascular protection suggested by observational studies. In July 2002 the trial was stopped early because risks exceeded benefits: hormone therapy increased coronary events, stroke, blood clots, and invasive breast cancer, while reducing hip fractures and colorectal cancer. A parallel estrogen alone trial in women who had had a hysterectomy was stopped in 2004 because of increased stroke. Prescriptions for hormone therapy fell sharply worldwide, and later analyses refined how risks vary with age and time since menopause.
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