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Salk Polio Vaccine Field Trial
About the Trial
Organized by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and directed by Thomas Francis Jr. at the University of Michigan, the 1954 trial of Jonas Salk's inactivated poliovirus vaccine enrolled about 1.8 million American schoolchildren, the so-called polio pioneers. Part of the trial used a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled design, while other areas used observed controls. On April 12, 1955, Francis announced that the vaccine was safe and effective, sharply reducing paralytic polio, and it was licensed the same day. Despite the Cutter incident, in which faulty vaccine lots caused cases of polio, mass vaccination followed and US polio cases fell dramatically within a few years.
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