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Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine Trial
About the Trial
The C4591001 trial randomized 43,548 participants to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine or placebo. Over 170 COVID cases accrued: 8 in vaccine versus 162 in placebo, 95 percent efficacy, across ages including elderly. Safety was acceptable, with transient reactogenicity. The November 2020 announcement, less than a year after the viral sequence was published, stunned the world. It was the first licensed mRNA product of any kind, validating decades of Kariko and Weissman nucleoside modification work. Moderna COVE trial mirrored the result within a week. mRNA platforms now target influenza, RSV, cancer, and rare diseases, a biomedical inflection point.
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