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Minnesota Colon Cancer Study
About the Trial
Jack Mandel randomized 46,551 Minnesota adults to annual or biennial fecal occult blood testing or usual care. Annual screening reduced colorectal cancer mortality by 33 percent at 13 years, biennial screening by 21 percent at 18 years, and benefit persisted through 30 years of follow up. The trial, using the humble guaiac Hemoccult card, was the first randomized proof that colorectal cancer screening reduces mortality. Nottingham and Funen trials in Europe concurred. Colorectal screening programs worldwide descend from this trial, now evolved to fecal immunochemical tests and colonoscopy alternatives. It founded the principle that population cancer screening can work.
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