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Framingham Heart Study
About the Trial
Started in 1948 with 5,209 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts, this cohort study transformed cardiology. Before Framingham, heart attacks were blamed on aging and luck. The study identified smoking, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, and obesity as modifiable risk factors. It coined the phrase risk factor. The Framingham risk score predicted heart attack risk from age, sex, cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes, becoming the template for risk calculators. Original participants children joined in 1971, grandchildren in 2002, enabling genetic studies. Over 3,000 papers have come from the cohort, shaping modern preventive cardiology.
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